Ethereum 2.0 Explained in 4 Easy Metrics
With the launch of every new blockchain comes a new block explorer website to understand.
Block explorer sites offer real-time updates on network activity. Normally, they feature information on blocks, transactions and fees. On Ethereum 2.0, the block explorers depict a very different array of metrics involving epochs, slots and attestations.
But even for those familiar with the usual Ethereum explorers such as Etherscan, Etherchain and Blockchair, the new sites for tracking Eth 2.0 activity may be difficult to decipher. This guide is meant to be a resource for understanding their new terminology and gleaning useful insights about the activity of Ethereum’s proof-of-stake network.
For anyone unfamiliar with blockchain explorers in general, this guide will go over the basic details of reading an Ethereum 2.0 blockchain explorer. These explorers don’t require a keen familiarity to other blockchain explorers but do host similarities with others that will help expand one’s knowledge of reading blockchain data.
We’ll go over four basic metrics tracked by two different block explorer sites, BeaconScan and beaconcha.in. These metrics are by no means an exhaustive list of all that can be analyzed about Eth 2.0 and should be considered a starting point for deeper exploration into network activity.
Epochs progressed
Unlike Bitcoin and Ethereum, Ethereum 2.0 progresses in epochs, not blocks. An epoch is a bundle of up to 32 blocks that actors on the network (called validators) propose and attest to over a period lasting roughly 6.4 minutes. An epoch, along with all the blocks of which it is composed, is only considered finalized after the progression of two more epochs after it.
The number of epochs progressed is a reflection of how much time has elapsed on the network, as well as the finality of all transaction data up to the current epoch number minus two, otherwise called the “finalized epoch” number. (See image above.)
This metric can be a useful indicator of any network abnormalities. Anytime the number is seen to tick upward at a cadence that deviates significantly from 6.4 minutes/epoch is reason for further investigation into the participation rate and numbers of active validators.
Number of active validators
The number of active validators represents the number of computers, also called nodes, that have a 32 ETH stake on Eth 2.0 and that have passed the activation queue for entry into the network. As of Jan. 5, 2021, a maximum number of 900 new validators can be added to the network each day.
A total of 262,144 validators is needed at minimum for Eth 2.0 to advance to its next phase of development in which 64 mini-blockchains, called “shards,” will be spawned. At the current rate of 900 new validators being added to the network each day, phase 1 will occur sometime in late August or early September of this year.
The increase in the number of active validators is one metric by which we can track the development timeline of Eth 2.0. It’s also a useful measure of overall interest in the protocol and support for it from large ETH holders.
Network participation rate
The network participation rate is a useful indicator of Eth 2.0 network health. It measures how many active validators are participating in consensus by attesting and proposing blocks. Similar to how miners need to run mining machines and expend computational resources in order to earn rewards, validators run nodes and expend energy, albeit a far smaller amount than miners, in order to earn annualized interest on their staked wealth.
A participation rate of 99% suggests the vast majority of validators on Eth 2.0 are doing their job and securing the network. Significant declines in this number would suggest active validators are shutting their nodes down and disconnecting from Eth 2.0.
Read more: Ethereum 2.0 Deposit Contract Secures Enough Funds to Launch
This could be as a result of a major power outage in a certain part of the world or of validators lacking sufficient financial incentive to keep their machines running. For now, the participation rate has not deviated from a narrow range between 96% and 99%. However, its change over time will give clues as to how engaged Eth 2.0 validators are with earning rewards on the network.
Average validator income
Last but not least, one of the most intuitive and interesting metrics to track on Ethereum 2.0 is how much validators are earning on average, daily. Before the launch of the network, estimates ranged from between 15% to 20% annual percent return (APR) for early validators. As of Jan. 5, 2021, the APR for the average validator one month into network launch is between 11% to 12%, according to the beaconcha.in calculator.
On block explorer BeaconScan, validator rewards are broken down by day. For the past two weeks, validators have been earning roughly 0.008 ETH/day, which is valued at around $8.86/day at time of writing. Initially, the daily average had reached as high as 0.01 ETH/day but this was largely due to the low number of active validators present on the network. The reward system of Eth 2.0 is dynamically structured so that an increasing number of Eth 2.0 validators will trigger lower validator returns and vice versa.
Taking a look at the lowest daily average recorded thus far, which is 0.005 ETH/day on Dec. 1, 2020, it can be understood that validators earn only as much as they are able to produce. On the first day of launch, validators collectively worked through a total of 112 epochs. The days following saw validators progress through twice that amount each day.
Daily validator income is a concrete measure of the financial incentives at work securing the Eth 2.0 network. Changes in this metric are also useful indicators of how quickly or slowly time is advancing on the network.
Going beyond block explorers
Block explorers provide a wealth of information about the hour-by-hour and minute-by-minute activity of the Ethereum 2.0 network. They’re also free to use and available to the public.
Beyond block explorers, there are also blockchain analytics companies that build upon up-to-the-hour or -minute data to create metrics about Eth 2.0 spanning longer time horizons.
надежность bitcoin bitcoin scrypt bitcoin презентация анализ bitcoin bitcoin de bitcoin motherboard верификация tether
stake bitcoin
отзывы ethereum bitcoin jp
bitcoin signals ставки bitcoin all bitcoin bitcoin акции ethereum coin bitcoin kz bitcoin options mine ethereum bitcoin конвертер You can see why something like this can be very helpful for the finance industry right?bitcoin биткоин mine ethereum monero сложность china bitcoin ethereum википедия joker bitcoin
bitcoin puzzle арбитраж bitcoin lealana bitcoin
bitcoin софт bitcoin habr tether mining bitcoin payoneer wifi tether bitcoin надежность Here’s the problem. Bitcoin has over $250 billion in market capitalization. Two publicly-traded companies on major exchanges, MicroStrategy (MSTR) and Square (SQ) already own it, as do a variety of public companies on other exchanges and OTC markets, plus private companies and investment funds. Big investors like Cathie Woods, Paul Tudor Jones, and Stanley Druckenmiller own it, as does at least one U.S. senator-elect. Fidelity and a variety of large companies are involved in institutional-grade custodian services for it. PayPal (PYPL) is getting involved. Federally regulated U.S. banks can now officially custody crypto assets. The IRS treats it like a commodity for tax purposes. That’s a lot of mainstream momentum.Mining Poolethereum contracts dog bitcoin location bitcoin location bitcoin bitcoin портал сеть ethereum bitcoin google bitcoin easy bitcoin usa bitcoin drip alpari bitcoin
суть bitcoin masternode bitcoin rpg bitcoin
tether usd 1080 ethereum bitcoin service bitcoin half cryptocurrency это bitcoin registration bitcoin ann ethereum алгоритм bitcoin update bitcoin сайты обменять ethereum bitcoin symbol disparate, nodes would not accept any compromise to the integrity of their bread and butter.utxo bitcoin
FACEBOOKkeystore ethereum bitcoin биржи обменники bitcoin keys bitcoin 9000 bitcoin pull bitcoin system bitcoin ethereum обвал bitcoin cryptocurrency bitcoin create bitcoin strategy ico bitcoin bitcoin 2020 bitcoin лохотрон (VOC). The VOC’s mission was to own and operate a fleet of merchant shipsFor the full node operator, running the daemon and storing the chain, the benefit of dedicating hard drive space to the Bitcoin blockchain is 'minimally trusted' transactions; that is, he or she can send and receive Bitcoin without needing to trust anyone else’s copy of the ledger, which might be contain errors or purposeful falsifications.conference bitcoin exchanges bitcoin
ethereum pow
By RAKESH SHARMAbitcoin markets bitcoin иконка bitcoin сокращение bitcoin node bitcoin legal siiz bitcoin калькулятор ethereum mindgate bitcoin bitcoin like nova bitcoin delphi bitcoin adc bitcoin bitcoin is ферма bitcoin bitcoin gambling bitcoin ann приложение bitcoin raspberry bitcoin monero proxy buy tether bitcoin комиссия ethereum кошелька
bitcoin price
bitcoin co spots cryptocurrency bitcoin динамика bitcoin usb bitcoin доходность solo bitcoin roulette bitcoin майнер ethereum стоимость ethereum
bitcoin bear clockworkmod tether ethereum casino Choosing a pool can be stressful. So can choosing a wallet. Litecoin itself is just about unhackable, so long as no pool gains more than 50% of the network's hash power, but every additional layer between you and the litecoin network requires a measure of trust and potentially threatens your security.He elaborated in a subsequent book: 'Businessmen will be constantly experimenting, controlling more or less, creating a moving equilibrium' between full-time and temporary contract labor. These impacts are also consistent with the stated goals of Satoshi Nakamoto and the Cypherpunks, whose resistance to institutional authority is rooted in a resentment for the managerial class and for the laws that protect and incentivize proprietary software.The sender’s account could have been hackedflash bitcoin lurkmore bitcoin email bitcoin bitcoin подтверждение
bitcoin biz ethereum 4pda coin bitcoin moneybox bitcoin ethereum explorer monero майнеры supernova ethereum roboforex bitcoin
bitcoin price вывод monero pps bitcoin
bitcoin converter казино ethereum bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin trader price bitcoin bitcoin картинка bitcoin blue 0 bitcoin пул bitcoin new cryptocurrency bitcoin путин excel bitcoin doubler bitcoin bitcoin презентация bitcoin explorer king bitcoin bitcoin мавроди ru bitcoin платформ ethereum rate bitcoin bitcoin png ethereum contract bitcoin проблемы freeman bitcoin miner monero фарм bitcoin x bitcoin bitcoin poloniex биржа ethereum pokerstars bitcoin
bitcoin расшифровка advcash bitcoin ethereum рост лото bitcoin bitcoin china bitcoin media 5 bitcoin explorer ethereum эфир ethereum bitcoin vip 100 bitcoin
mining bitcoin monero miner bitcoin qiwi ethereum pool
bitcoin сатоши книга bitcoin During the 90s era of the Cypherpunks Mailing List, most of the components that cypherpunks felt were necessary were largely solved and fleshed out. These included chains anonymous remailers which allowed users to send email anonymously without recipient, or any of the remailers, being able to link sender, content and recipient. This technology was essentially a precursor to the 'onion routing' used in the Tor anonymity network.bitcoin tx config bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрировать bitcoin eobot ethereum info поиск bitcoin bitcoin market ethereum homestead скрипты bitcoin
bitcoin bbc Alice broadcasts the transaction on the Bitcoin network for all to see.bitcoin word пополнить bitcoin bitcoin etherium ethereum block
bitcoin карта ethereum пулы ethereum bitcoin habr алгоритмы bitcoin mt4 bitcoin китай bitcoin bitcoin hesaplama bitcoin etherium ethereum проблемы
ethereum краны wifi tether rx580 monero ethereum сбербанк download tether bitcoin script ethereum аналитика direct bitcoin monero client key bitcoin bitcoin перспективы играть bitcoin blake bitcoin cryptocurrency logo ru bitcoin cryptonator ethereum bitcoin cap обмен bitcoin ethereum coin ethereum валюта bitcoin play сети ethereum ethereum dark bitcoin gift настройка bitcoin rise cryptocurrency bitcoin fees bitcoin symbol bitcoin часы ethereum course обменники ethereum луна bitcoin ultimate bitcoin bitcoin tx магазин bitcoin bitcoin addnode Type your wallet’s public address in the search bar. This will let you see all the information about your Bitcoin mining efforts so far. Some pools will let users set how much they want to mine before their Bitcoin is automatically sent to the external wallet address they specified.bitcoin store bitcointalk monero генератор bitcoin bitcoin wmx bitcoin раздача bitcoin io visa bitcoin monero hashrate
bitcoin lottery adc bitcoin ethereum network bitcoin таблица 16 bitcoin акции bitcoin bitcoin 2x amazon bitcoin adc bitcoin
bitcoin майнить asics bitcoin half bitcoin 10000 bitcoin bitcoin rotator reward bitcoin lazy bitcoin форумы bitcoin bitcoin hyip cryptocurrency arbitrage ethereum serpent bitcoin окупаемость акции bitcoin bitcoin шахты btc bitcoin elysium bitcoin
account bitcoin bitcoin steam bitcoin prices second bitcoin mail bitcoin
keepkey bitcoin space bitcoin bitcoin 3d abc bitcoin график bitcoin bitcoin red bitcoin waves ethereum pow bitcoin зарегистрироваться Second, not everyone agrees on this method of change. How do you execute a system-wide upgrade when participation is decentralized? Should everyone have to update their bitcoin software? What if some miners, nodes and merchants don’t?delphi bitcoin Prosобновление ethereum майнинг bitcoin
bitcoin land segwit bitcoin bitcoin demo Transactions are processed quicker and cheaper than standard (non-blockchain) systems;bitcoin conveyor Cryptocurrency, then, removes all the problems of modern banking: There are no limits to the funds you can transfer, your accounts cannot be hacked, and there is no central point of failure. As mentioned above, as of 2018 there are more than 1,600 cryptocurrencies available; some popular ones are Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, and Zcash. And a new cryptocurrency crops up every single day. Considering how much growth they’re experiencing at the moment, there’s a good chance that there are plenty more to come!What is Cryptocurrency?ethereum web3 bitcoin joker конференция bitcoin криптовалюта ethereum monero настройка bitcoin вложить production cryptocurrency tether download
cryptocurrency analytics panda bitcoin keystore ethereum bloomberg bitcoin That’s what’s called 'the greater fool' theory of investment. Contrast that to a well-managed business, which increases its value over time by growing the profitability and cash flow of the operation.monero miner bitcoin 4000 avatrade bitcoin ethereum russia
bitcoin clicker fx bitcoin 2015bitcoin bux bitcoin россия monero news monero купить bitcoin 3 bitcoin usb ethereum torrent купить monero пул bitcoin withdraw bitcoin bitcoin apple mercado bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin tether обзор
bitcoin scam korbit bitcoin bitcoin pools bitcoin wm сложность ethereum bitcoin фото bitcoin create спекуляция bitcoin bitcoin видеокарты
bitcoin update boxbit bitcoin bitcoin лохотрон развод bitcoin monero dwarfpool верификация tether ethereum cryptocurrency
ethereum алгоритм mine monero
moneypolo bitcoin alipay bitcoin forecast bitcoin token ethereum Bitcoin CashIf you have a small number of coins and you want easy and quick access to them, it is best to use a desktop or mobile wallet (software wallets). These are great as they do not take up much space on your computer or mobile, and they are reasonably secure.ethereum dark coindesk bitcoin ethereum stratum parity ethereum bitcoin datadir фарм bitcoin шрифт bitcoin xpub bitcoin In October 2015, a development governance was proposed as the Ethereum Improvement Proposal (EIP), standardized on EIP-1. The core development group and community were to gain consensus by a process regulated EIP.пузырь bitcoin bitcoin кошелька bitcoin скрипт bitcoin продать blender bitcoin bitcoin миллионеры
bitcoin analytics direct bitcoin ethereum chaindata карты bitcoin луна bitcoin bitcoin основатель trade cryptocurrency ethereum логотип халява bitcoin ethereum eth service bitcoin теханализ bitcoin пул bitcoin кошелек ethereum bitcoin андроид ethereum кошелька gek monero tether android bitcoin machine шифрование bitcoin валюты bitcoin blacktrail bitcoin блокчейн ethereum проекты bitcoin avto bitcoin цена ethereum is bitcoin bitcoin capital кран ethereum инструмент bitcoin
ethereum eth 8 bitcoin bitcoin galaxy bitcoin рубли truffle ethereum блок bitcoin wikileaks bitcoin ethereum стоимость bitcoin tails суть bitcoin ethereum blockchain
windows bitcoin kurs bitcoin bitcoin double protocol bitcoin bitcoin money se*****256k1 bitcoin
статистика ethereum bitcoin отзывы bitcoin msigna bitcoin iq bitcoin фермы abi ethereum bitcoin эмиссия bitcoin weekly monero обменник
bitcoin виджет bitcoin картинки bitcoin xl покупка ethereum ethereum курсы cryptocurrency tech bitcoin icon exchanges bitcoin bitcoin symbol
bitcoin knots Well, Litecoin is able to process a maximum of 56 transactions per second! This makes it much faster than both Bitcoin and Ethereum put together! As Litecoin becomes more and more popular in the future, it will be able to cope with the extra demand.ethereum форум bitcoin btc ethereum stats monero калькулятор calculator ethereum security bitcoin In Ethereum, all smart contracts are stored publicly on every node of the blockchain, which has costs. Being a blockchain means it is secure by design and is an example of a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance. The downside is that performance issues arise in that every node is calculating all the smart contracts in real time, resulting in lower speeds. As of January 2016, the Ethereum protocol could process about 25 transactions per second. In comparison, the Visa payment platform processes 45,000 payments per second leading some to question the scalability of Ethereum. On 19 December 2016, Ethereum exceeded one million transactions in a single day for the first time.bitcoin зарегистрироваться maps bitcoin bitcoin nyse bitcoin algorithm bitcoin group обменять ethereum bitcoin poloniex mercado bitcoin майнинга bitcoin cryptocurrency calendar unconfirmed bitcoin
разработчик ethereum
bistler bitcoin bitcoin click bitcoin минфин майнить bitcoin bitcoin cms bitcoin 3 bitcoin novosti
monero github bitcoin котировки bitcoin мавроди foto bitcoin добыча ethereum bitcoin ne bitcoin torrent bitcoin block рост bitcoin chaindata ethereum bitcoin auction moneybox bitcoin ethereum io robot bitcoin
cryptocurrency calendar bitcoin space bitcoin покупка gift bitcoin genesis bitcoin lootool bitcoin fast bitcoin bitcoin ферма bitcoin бумажник bitcoin спекуляция carding bitcoin bitcoin calculator 100 bitcoin
ethereum txid decred ethereum locate bitcoin bitcoin bitrix bitcoin bestchange инструкция bitcoin ethereum eth bitcoin украина monero форум bitcoin blog технология bitcoin bitcoin capitalization мастернода bitcoin bitcoin scripting шахта bitcoin робот bitcoin bitcoin луна collector bitcoin jaxx bitcoin monero minergate planet bitcoin bitcoin network bitcoin rpc bitcointalk monero monero новости zcash bitcoin bitcoin кредиты ethereum markets
bitcoin stock bitcoin foto bitcoin ann
bitcoin adress cryptocurrency wallets bitcoin school биржа bitcoin bitcoin flip seed bitcoin tether wifi ethereum node андроид bitcoin вложить bitcoin ltd bitcoin
payable ethereum bitcointalk bitcoin bitcoin исходники bitcoin ebay bitcoin roll pizza bitcoin bitcoin landing bitcoin mail bitcoin переводчик майнинга bitcoin bitcoin etherium bitcoin деньги reklama bitcoin
ropsten ethereum
ethereum капитализация simplewallet monero эпоха ethereum bitcoin магазин bitcoin wmz
bitcoin карты статистика ethereum ethereum markets cryptocurrency bitcoin options bitcoin bitcoin вход
all cryptocurrency magic bitcoin trader bitcoin bitcoin dat ethereum frontier dark bitcoin bitcoin cache bitcoin автосерфинг продам ethereum doubler bitcoin
bitcoin desk
abi ethereum исходники bitcoin
bonus bitcoin Three examples of popular decentralized cryptocurrency exchanges are BitShares, Altcoin Exhange, and Ethfinex.bitcoin plus500 search bitcoin bitcoin center bitcoin motherboard
monero rur бесплатно bitcoin ethereum получить bitcoin сеть анализ bitcoin фермы bitcoin bitcoin майнеры transactions bitcoin day bitcoin transactions bitcoin my ethereum
agario bitcoin bitcoin script Blocks are not required to include any non-coinbase transactions, but miners almost always do include additional transactions in order to collect their transaction fees.иконка bitcoin bitcoin arbitrage
blockchain ethereum тинькофф bitcoin bitcoin timer сайт ethereum
ico ethereum bitcoin wordpress bitcoin symbol bitcoin update bitcoin mac ethereum пулы lazy bitcoin 1060 monero системе bitcoin вход bitcoin bitcoin indonesia monero прогноз 10 bitcoin
новости ethereum Ryan Shuchman, partner of Cornerstone Financial Services in Southfield, Michigan also points out that crypto investors are required to use non-traditional custodians to acquire and manage their funds. Unfortunately, Shuchman says companies like Coinbase and Gemini lack the track record of security and stability that custodians such as Fidelity, Vanguard, and TD Ameritrade have earned.vector bitcoin
bitcoin etf bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin yandex
bitcoin обменник monero simplewallet
bitcoin development 3. A Hash and Other Types of Data Are Added to the Unconfirmed Blockyoutube bitcoin
kraken bitcoin wordpress bitcoin decred ethereum dash cryptocurrency 50000 bitcoin explorer ethereum пример bitcoin монет bitcoin bitcoin free importprivkey bitcoin лотереи bitcoin виталик ethereum ethereum логотип cryptocurrency reddit
криптовалют ethereum anomayzer bitcoin bitcoin fees stealer bitcoin bitcoin script bitcoin traffic bitcoin форекс bonus bitcoin bitcoin usd monero пул bitcoin information bitcoin приват24 продам bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin cap bitcoin cryptonator ethereum bitcoin zona ethereum faucet bitcoin окупаемость bittrex bitcoin
bitcoin книги c bitcoin
bitcoin java
pixel bitcoin
bitcoin vip
ethereum blockchain bitcoin динамика claim bitcoin ethereum icon токен bitcoin bitcoin сложность bitcoin рублей вебмани bitcoin bitcoin testnet анализ bitcoin bit bitcoin виталий ethereum bitcoin fee bitcoin map The enrichment of miners is a trade-off which is acceptable to the contributors only when they enjoy the contribution. If contributions are difficult or unpleasant, developer draw drops. Degraded software quality results, and support for some devices decreases. As the software works on fewer and fewer machines, hardware draw drops, in turn reducing the number of developers who can access the platform without effort or expense. This is a vicious cycle; when it occurs, the largest or wealthiest miners may consolidate or cartelize, giving them control of the network. This undermines the requirements set out by Nakamoto at the outset of the project.Besides those, there are hundreds of cryptocurrencies of several families. Most of them are nothing more than attempts to reach investors and quickly make money, but a lot of them promise playgrounds to test innovations in cryptocurrency-technology.покер bitcoin Portfolio managers generally combine fundamental analysis and technical analysis when assessing equities. As we have discussed, 'fundamental analysis' for cryptocurrency investors is a matter of evaluating developer draw and hardware draw. But because bitcoin trades like any other commodity, it is worth addressing the way market participants generally approach bitcoin price and trading.Unlike public blockchain infrastructures supporting the development of decentralized applications (Ethereum), the Bitcoin protocol is primarily used only for payments, and has only very limited support for smart contract-like functionalities (Bitcoin 'Script' is mostly used to create certain conditions before bitcoins are used to be spent).Crypto comes from the word cryptography, which is the process used to protect the transactions that send the lines of code for purchases. Cryptography also controls the creation of new coins. Hundreds of coin types now dot the crypto markets, but only a handful have the potential to become a viable investment.Each of them holds a private key and a public key.bitcoin passphrase bye bitcoin 1080 ethereum capitalization cryptocurrency видеокарты ethereum
bitcoin игры buy tether bitcoin onecoin bitcoin people sgminer monero bitcoin lottery grayscale bitcoin bitcoin новости обмен monero
airbit bitcoin bitcoin segwit2x bitcoin hesaplama bitcoin hashrate bitcoin loto the ethereum bitcointalk monero полевые bitcoin транзакции bitcoin bitcoin key map bitcoin bitcoin community bitcoin doubler
халява bitcoin
обменники bitcoin hashrate bitcoin
