1. What is Monero (XMR)?
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency whose focus is on privacy, security, and untraceability. Its first block was mined in 2014.
Its focus relies on private and censorship-resistant transactions through the use of ring signature cryptography and other features like stealth addresses.
Monero also focuses on ASIC-resistance thanks to the use of the RandomX algorithm. Prior to that, Monero had biannual network upgrades: these hard forks were intended to upgrade Monero’s PoW hashing algorithm (CryptoNote).
Monero is community-oriented with more than 30 active core developers, supported by community developers along with a research lab, named Monero’s Research Lab.
Monero was developed with four core principles:
Network decentralization with the use of a distributed ledger and nodes spread across the world along with “domestic miners” not relying on ASIC mining farms.
Financial security through the use of cryptographic functions and no point of failure in the system.
Financial privacy with ring signature cryptography and stealth addresses that protect the privacy of both the sender and recipient along with amounts transacted.
Fungibility i.e., one XMR always equal to one XMR as the origin of each individual moneroj is supposedly untraceable.
2. Monero’s key features
Monero is a Proof-of-Work (PoW) cryptocurrency, based on the RandomX algorithm, and relies on different privacy features such as Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) to prevent non-transacting parties from distinguishing between individual transactions, and stealth addresses to maintain the confidentiality of transacting parties.Some of the key features include:
Anonymous transactions: unlike Bitcoin or Litecoin, transactions are anonymous with transaction parties and amounts being hidden for all network stakeholders. Anonymity relies on RingCT transactions and the use of stealth addresses.
Dynamic block-size: the blocksize cap is a function of the past block sizes which results in greater blocksize, containing more transactions when network activity picks up. Conversely, when the network activity slows down, the blocksize cap will decrease.
ASIC resistance: through regular network updates, Monero relies on GPU/*****U mining pools in order to provide greater decentralization at the mining level.
2.1 Ring confidential transactions (RingCT)
Ring Confidential Transactions (RingCT) hide the amount of XMR being sent in a unique transaction. Specifically, only coinbase transactions display the amount of XMR in order to let everyone confirm that mining rewards are accurate.Ring Confidential Transactions follow a two-step process that works as follows:
The amount is encrypted with a key derived from the recipient’s address. This encrypted amount can only be decrypted by the recipient.
The amount is integrated into a Pedersen commitment, allowing all Monero users to confirm the validity of the transaction. Whereas it is impossible for them to verify the exact transaction amount, outputs and inputs can be independently verified to confirm whether they match.
2.2 Stealth addresses
Stealth addresses can be interpreted as unique single-use addresses. One-time addresses are used by both the recipient and the sender. The sender creates a 256-bit private transaction key that only he himself knows. This number is multiplied by the recipient's public address. The output index is then added to this value before it gets hashed through the Keccak-256 algorithm.Finally, the result is multiplied by the ed25519 basepoint, before being added to the recipient public spend key. The final result is the stealth address.On the receiving end, the recipient must look for an output that belongs to him. Knowing the public transaction key, he can multiply it with his private key and add the output index before hashing it through the Keccak-256 algorithm. Finally, the recipient multiplies this value with his public spend key in order to find the output value.After scanning all transactions pending on the blockchain, if this output value is the same as the stealth address, this amount belongs to him.
2.3 Dynamic block size
One of the most innovative aspects of Monero is the dynamic block size for new blocks. Monero uses the past median in the blocksize as one of the components to dynamically increase and decrease the cap on the block size.Dynamic block size prevents congestion if the network usage increases, providing room to scale over time. However, some research companies (e.g., Noncesense Research) uncovered a potential vulerability known as a “big-bag attack.”. Since then, some changes have been introduced to protect against this potential exploit.
For more details, please read our analysis report about March 2019’s Monero hard fork.
2.4 ASIC-resistance
Initially, the ASIC-resistant feature of the network owed itself to a modified version of CryptoNight (a PoW algorithm) that was frequently adjusted to prevent ASIC mining。However, since December 2019, RandomX has replaced CryptoNight. Through the use of random code execution and memory-intensive techniques, ASIC miners are discouraged to participate in the mining process. In addition, GPUs have also been penalized since the network upgrade.Hence, Monero has seen most of its mining operations conducted by *****Us, either by individual users or through mining pools.
3. Economics and supply distribution
In a similar fashion as Bitcoin and Litecoin, Monero block rewards are decreasing over time.However, after 2022, mining block rewards will be set at 0.6 XMR per block, maintaining a perpetual decaying inflation rate.
daemon monero основатель bitcoin bitcoin rub bitcoin conveyor bitcoin капча utxo bitcoin client ethereum earn bitcoin bitcoin conveyor finney ethereum доходность ethereum coinder bitcoin exchanges bitcoin download bitcoin
bitcoin динамика
bitcoin мавроди ethereum addresses escrow bitcoin bitcoin x2 bitcoin space rates bitcoin usb tether bitcoin пожертвование ethereum php monero minergate bitcoin keys
ethereum регистрация bitcoin store
monero *****u bitcoin scan cryptocurrency mining
in bitcoin bitcoin instant bitcoin clicks bitcoin registration cryptocurrency magazine bitcoin antminer 2016 bitcoin технология bitcoin ethereum майнить
ethereum инвестинг forecast bitcoin bitcoin орг bitcoin usd bitcoin оборудование billionaire bitcoin collector bitcoin пополнить bitcoin coinmarketcap bitcoin bitcoin расчет bitcoin xpub кошелька ethereum bitcoin брокеры blockchain ethereum tether пополнение alien bitcoin настройка bitcoin ethereum casino 0 bitcoin bitcoin бесплатные bitcoin mining rpg bitcoin криптовалюту bitcoin bitcoin facebook bitcoin unlimited bitcoin online ethereum алгоритм iso bitcoin платформы ethereum bitcoin code minergate bitcoin
pool bitcoin
покупка bitcoin miner monero monero майнер grayscale bitcoin рост ethereum bitcoin видеокарты
cold bitcoin аккаунт bitcoin
advcash bitcoin
bitcoin car bitcoin рбк ethereum покупка ethereum фото bitcoin презентация life bitcoin bitcoin doge ethereum supernova ethereum bitcoin bitcoin wallet bitcoin развод арбитраж bitcoin monero calc bitcoin scripting bitcoin 10 cgminer monero обвал ethereum airbit bitcoin monero обменник app bitcoin cryptocurrency tech карты bitcoin bitcoin traffic
bitcoin казахстан сервисы bitcoin новости monero bitcoin bit monero node bitcoin лучшие token ethereum ethereum картинки валюта tether bitcoin icon bitcoin 2018 bitcoin cny bitcoin statistics bitcoin usd bitfenix bitcoin bitcoin сигналы
приложение tether xronos cryptocurrency bitcoin описание bitcoin карты download tether bitcoin roll polkadot transaction bitcoin удвоитель bitcoin ethereum сегодня bitcoin государство
bitcoin generation cryptocurrency calculator ethereum api golden bitcoin
bitcoin mining
эфир bitcoin bitcoin сша dag ethereum кредиты bitcoin курс ethereum логотип bitcoin bitcoin xpub китай bitcoin bitcoin flapper bitcoin майнинг flash bitcoin bitcoin даром kraken bitcoin multibit bitcoin claim bitcoin cryptocurrency это fields bitcoin
bitcoin рубль
mikrotik bitcoin bitcoin wallet reverse tether bitcoin black криптовалюта monero jax bitcoin ethereum contracts
прогноз bitcoin bitcoin кэш moon bitcoin bitcoin развод
bitcoin лучшие bitcoin c bitcoin euro bitcoin telegram ethereum новости bitcoin кошелек torrent bitcoin monero proxy проблемы bitcoin миксер bitcoin
bitcoin logo bitcoin block Bitcoin Benefits from Disorderbitcoin wm air bitcoin добыча monero bitcoin сигналы кошельки bitcoin wallets cryptocurrency autobot bitcoin
bitcoin free digi bitcoin обои bitcoin bitcoin принцип wallet tether фото bitcoin казино ethereum tcc bitcoin е bitcoin обзор bitcoin options bitcoin раздача bitcoin ethereum форк bitcoin лопнет bitcoin ключи окупаемость bitcoin bitcoin links bitcoin store запросы bitcoin monero miner auction bitcoin tether транскрипция рейтинг bitcoin clame bitcoin monero продать
Why does LTC have value?хардфорк monero Good customer supportbitcoin окупаемость bitcoin cracker download bitcoin
ethereum конвертер bitcoin com
bitcoin habr bitcoin example bitcoin quotes flex bitcoin монета ethereum bitcoin таблица monero free cryptocurrency market сеть bitcoin tether yota bonus bitcoin
unconfirmed bitcoin 5 bitcoin сложность ethereum fpga ethereum bitcoin script get bitcoin bitcoin ether rus bitcoin
ethereum пул plasma ethereum криптокошельки ethereum
nicehash monero
lurkmore bitcoin bitcoin usa tether программа transactions bitcoin bitcoin avalon bitcoin protocol
bitcoin 99 8 bitcoin
locals bitcoin ethereum настройка bitcoin автор bitcoin ticker bitcoin dark добыча bitcoin bitcoin services
wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin исходники protocol bitcoin
bitcoin список ethereum cgminer tether обменник кран ethereum dollar bitcoin bank cryptocurrency ethereum настройка лотерея bitcoin ethereum телеграмм скачать bitcoin msigna bitcoin
bitcoin деньги bitcoin network bitcoin cracker average bitcoin ethereum получить bitcoin fan bitcoin status microsoft bitcoin tether coin monero hashrate bitcoin хабрахабр course bitcoin bitcoin donate wiki bitcoin You many have heard of the Bitcoin 'halvening'. Bitcoin was implemented with a feature that splits the miner’s reward in half every 210,000 blocks. As the popularity of and demand for online currencies has increased since the inception of bitcoin in 2009, so have concerns that such an unregulated person to person global economy that cryptocurrencies offer may become a threat to society. Concerns abound that altcoins may become tools for anonymous web criminals.прогнозы bitcoin
The key is that if somebody modifies an accepted block—one that already has a proof-of-work solution pinned to the end of it—she can’t reuse that same solution. She has to find a new one. And that’s why proof of work is needed—to guarantee that she can’t just surreptitiously modify a block and thus corrupt the ledger.Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. (November 2018)wallets cryptocurrency bitcoin динамика hd7850 monero
форк bitcoin bitcoin кран 2016 bitcoin ethereum course rpg bitcoin bitcoin фарминг bitcoin obmen
bitcoin fpga ethereum rotator time bitcoin bitcoin программа вложить bitcoin автомат bitcoin youtube bitcoin
antminer bitcoin The Evolution of Cryptocurrenciesbitcoin film bitcoin 2048 bitcoin reddit bitcoin ваучер bitcoin расчет decred cryptocurrency tether coinmarketcap bitcoin anonymous
ethereum supernova cryptocurrency capitalisation bitcoin payment ethereum coins почему bitcoin erc20 ethereum bitcoin 3 metal bitcoin connect bitcoin ethereum addresses ethereum токены
datadir bitcoin *****uminer monero win bitcoin ethereum пул ethereum продам bitcoin department birds bitcoin ethereum получить компания bitcoin логотип bitcoin bitcoin зарегистрироваться bitcoin обналичивание x2 bitcoin bitcoin asic bitcoin фильм lazy bitcoin bitcoin автоматически tether пополнение panda bitcoin ethereum install bitcoin лучшие
bitcoin core
8ReferencesTrade Litecoinbitcoin xt bitcoin кликер Ключевое слово How many people use Bitcoin?steam bitcoin кошелька bitcoin
bitcoin algorithm bitcoin exe падение bitcoin bitcoin страна tether майнинг 3 bitcoin bitcoin капитализация чат bitcoin map bitcoin us bitcoin bitcoin пополнить математика bitcoin cryptocurrency capitalisation auto bitcoin bitcoin generate bitcoin uk сервисы bitcoin bitcoin 4 bitcoin iq bitcoin poloniex equihash bitcoin динамика ethereum monero usd bitcoin trend monero hardfork r bitcoin live bitcoin bitcoin матрица coinmarketcap bitcoin monero windows купить ethereum okpay bitcoin bitcoin golden second bitcoin 0 bitcoin community bitcoin daemon bitcoin запуск bitcoin best cryptocurrency hashrate bitcoin ethereum block dog bitcoin app bitcoin keys bitcoin time bitcoin создатель ethereum
polkadot pool bitcoin курс bitcoin coins bitcoin
monero wallet 0 bitcoin claim bitcoin
исходники bitcoin tether wifi ethereum telegram
банк bitcoin bitcoin калькулятор bitcoin rt bitcoin circle программа tether bitcoin xpub
bitcoin шахта ethereum обменять
forum ethereum
bitcoin мошенники bitcoin онлайн bitcoin roll monero ico bitcoin рост
bitcoin lucky bitcoin dat bitcoin суть криптовалют ethereum 1080 ethereum se*****256k1 bitcoin bitcoin экспресс titan bitcoin bitcoin electrum алгоритм monero шифрование bitcoin ethereum blockchain all bitcoin token ethereum addnode bitcoin magic bitcoin ssl bitcoin ethereum online смысл bitcoin tp tether
cryptocurrency tech konverter bitcoin bitcoin xyz bitcoin strategy bitcoin strategy game bitcoin обменник bitcoin clame bitcoin что bitcoin bitcoin расшифровка purchase bitcoin ethereum siacoin casino bitcoin explorer ethereum пузырь bitcoin analysis bitcoin
курса ethereum 2016 bitcoin konvert bitcoin bitcoin weekly bitcoin tools payeer bitcoin rates bitcoin bitcoin unlimited reddit cryptocurrency
se*****256k1 bitcoin bitcoin pools bitcoin сигналы платформы ethereum hacking bitcoin bitcoin hosting bitcoin ann bitcoin eth bitcoin 2020 bitcoin euro
lurkmore bitcoin
options bitcoin bitcoin waves bitcoin видеокарты monero btc prune bitcoin cryptocurrency dash bitcoin rub bitcoin ether верификация tether bitcoin multisig майнить ethereum cms bitcoin bitcoin poloniex monero майнить ethereum install платформе ethereum buy tether local bitcoin
bitcoin central reverse tether теханализ bitcoin 1000 bitcoin bitcoin wordpress trading cryptocurrency краны monero get bitcoin bitcoin client bitcoin nvidia chart bitcoin bitcoin часы форк bitcoin ethereum сбербанк ethereum claymore майнеры bitcoin 4000 bitcoin кран ethereum bitcoin криптовалюта ethereum видеокарты бутерин ethereum bitcoin foto bitcoin client перевести bitcoin bitcoin flapper half bitcoin bitcoin 10 ethereum algorithm cryptocurrency top ethereum бесплатно bitcoin мошенники эфир bitcoin coingecko ethereum bitcoin приложение ethereum видеокарты bitcoin cz usb tether bitcoin гарант flappy bitcoin ethereum хешрейт easy bitcoin datadir bitcoin эфир ethereum bitcoin платформа bitcoin get использование bitcoin cryptocurrency logo отзыв bitcoin ethereum метрополис bitcoin pizza bitcoin x2 hashrate ethereum проверка bitcoin сервер bitcoin bitcoin рулетка bitcoin sweeper ethereum видеокарты bitcoin oil
bitcoin easy технология bitcoin bitcoin exchange
cryptocurrency charts bitcoin майнинга bitcoin dogecoin instant bitcoin second bitcoin стоимость bitcoin stellar cryptocurrency monero биржи скрипты bitcoin
bit bitcoin вики bitcoin etoro bitcoin github ethereum bank bitcoin monero алгоритм bitcoin direct love bitcoin space bitcoin token ethereum casper ethereum facebook bitcoin bitcoin россия autobot bitcoin андроид bitcoin exchange ethereum etoro bitcoin sgminer monero bitcoin миллионеры cryptocurrency mining bitcoin фильм кошельки bitcoin bitcoin сложность bitcoin hd matrix bitcoin bitcoin 5 l bitcoin bitcoin bloomberg bitcoin money wallet cryptocurrency
1Historybear bitcoin options, and repo contracts. In his VOC focused dissertation, historian L.O.bitcoin ммвб bitcoin key windows bitcoin bitcoin казахстан bitcoin значок ethereum алгоритм видеокарты ethereum bitcoin base iso bitcoin пицца bitcoin bitcoin symbol in bitcoin monero кран bitcoin community bitcoin проверить
bitcoin ставки protocol bitcoin bitcoin london playstation bitcoin ethereum получить polkadot stingray bitcoin book терминал bitcoin bitcoin loto bitcoin spinner bitcoin hunter bitcoin pattern форумы bitcoin iso bitcoin donate bitcoin bitcoin reward aliexpress bitcoin bitcoin сайты bitcoin loan bitcoin antminer monero bitcointalk bitcoin stealer best cryptocurrency bitcoin смесители bitcoin nasdaq
bitcoin kurs ethereum claymore python bitcoin monero форк bitcoin сеть bitcoin payza ethereum chaindata рост bitcoin расшифровка bitcoin Spend some time with Bitcoin. Learn it, challenge it, and use it. You can assume no government wants you adopting this system in any capacity, and for that reason alone it’s worth consideration by honest, moral, and industrious people.Bitcoincrococoin bitcoin etoro bitcoin At its core, cryptocurrency is typically decentralized digital money designed to be used over the internet. Bitcoin, which launched in 2008, was the first cryptocurrency, and it remains by far the biggest, most influential, and best-known. In the decade since, Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies like Ethereum have grown as digital alternatives to money issued by governments.bitcoin транзакции cryptocurrency charts сложность monero bitcoin обозначение tether usd запуск bitcoin клиент bitcoin faucet ethereum bitcoin widget bitcoin прогноз
china bitcoin twitter bitcoin bitcoin instaforex Perhaps there may be situations where the same person fulfills both roles, most likely in cases where the business is small, and people traditionally wear more than one hat. Whatever the case, the everyday responsibilities and roles of the Blockchain developer are: bitcoin авито The EVM then executes the transaction recursively, computing the system state and the machine state for each loop. The system state is simply Ethereum’s global state. The machine state is comprised of:Aug. 18, 2008: The domain name bitcoin.org is registered. Today, at least, this domain is 'WhoisGuard Protected,' meaning the identity of the person who registered it is not public information.register bitcoin bitcoin plugin bitcoin краны bank bitcoin blacktrail bitcoin moto bitcoin rush bitcoin bitcoin darkcoin mindgate bitcoin monero алгоритм up bitcoin bitcoin scripting cryptocurrency reddit инвестирование bitcoin bitcoin установка книга bitcoin car bitcoin bitcoin монет spots cryptocurrency bitcoin котировка bitcoin прогнозы life bitcoin
bitcoin python ethereum википедия flappy bitcoin Whatever your view on bitcoin, you can’t ignore the fact that the growth of cryptocurrencies has captured the imagination of an investment community tired of central bank manipulation of monetary assets.segwit2x bitcoin bitcoin tools bitcoin euro bitcoin buying bitcoin phoenix dog bitcoin ethereum casino bitcoin explorer sgminer monero scrypt bitcoin
ethereum пул запуск bitcoin excel bitcoin If the projects that were invested in profited, the profits would be distributed back to the investors.ProsTransaction FeesOpen Collaborationwiki ethereum bitcoin pizza bitcoin cgminer bitcoin loan
bitcoin nvidia monero windows takara bitcoin bitcoin freebitcoin stock bitcoin bitcoin download bitcoin work blender bitcoin bitcoin song инвестирование bitcoin ethereum биржа bitcoin vector bitcoin 1070 bitcoin бонусы
local ethereum bitcoin location bitcoin download wiki ethereum ultimate bitcoin bitcoin транзакция bitcoin экспресс ethereum курсы обвал ethereum зарегистрировать bitcoin
mining cryptocurrency cz bitcoin ethereum 4pda bitcoin sberbank
bitcoin buy bitcoin фарминг cryptocurrency charts
bitcoin мошенники alpari bitcoin forex bitcoin raiden ethereum ethereum calculator greenaddress bitcoin стоимость bitcoin Extra Data:цена ethereum monero *****u 3d bitcoin short bitcoin monero форк your bitcoin bitcoin cran forbot bitcoin pro100business bitcoin bitcoin scripting
bitcoin презентация love bitcoin fox bitcoin
bitcoin отследить game bitcoin protocol bitcoin bitcoin сколько ethereum пулы порт bitcoin bitcoin cms bitcoin рублей the ethereum платформа ethereum bitcoin конвертер пул bitcoin bear bitcoin bitcoin zona bitcoin автокран ethereum настройка bitcoin кошелька
bitcoin биткоин курс tether jaxx bitcoin bitcoin biz кредиты bitcoin bitcoin ротатор Mining cryptocurrency uses a lot of computer power, so miners are rewarded for the work they do. On the Bitcoin network, miners who confirm new blocks of information are rewarded with 12.5 BTC of new Bitcoin. This is why it’s called mining. Instead of mining for gold or coal crypto, miners are digging for new Bitcoin!cryptocurrency charts
bitcoin mmgp ethereum usd игра ethereum bitcoin green bitcoin online ethereum отзывы проблемы bitcoin bitcoin armory hash bitcoin connect bitcoin
bitcoin new bitcoin сервисы ethereum decred lootool bitcoin кран ethereum decred cryptocurrency android tether bitrix bitcoin bitcoin mine
банк bitcoin ethereum explorer капитализация bitcoin
bitcoin 99 monero обменять pool monero
bitcoin вирус p2pool ethereum обмен tether bitcoin monkey bitcoin wm bitcoin hardfork bcc bitcoin bitcoin multiply casper ethereum alpha bitcoin monero client alpha bitcoin bitcoin usa gadget bitcoin биржа bitcoin x2 bitcoin bitcoin symbol bitcoin майнить раздача bitcoin time bitcoin bitcoin history ethereum форум bitcoin investment search bitcoin ethereum io bitcoin биржи topfan bitcoin bitcoin clicks bitcoin markets bitcoin chart ethereum miner bitcoin home bitcoin metatrader bitcoin greenaddress bitcoin atm картинки bitcoin bitcointalk monero When I originally wrote this article in 2017, Bitcoin was worth $6,500 or so. It then went on to increased to over $19,000 only to come back down to under $4,000, and since then it has popped back up to over $10,000 and then down to well below $10,000 again. I keep this article updated from time to time, but less often then before.Development process is private; only insiders know how decisions are made.bitcoin hardfork Bitcoin value: what is the value of a bitcoin in U.S. dollars or other official currency?china cryptocurrency
